One of the most challenging topics to wrestle with is God’s hardening of Pharaoh’s heart in the Exodus story. What does it really mean when Scripture says that God hardened Pharaoh’s heart? Does this imply that the wicked king was no longer guilty for his actions? These are just some of the many questions a curious believer might ask. To be honest, I also struggled with this issue for quite some time. So how should we understand this difficult subject? From Exodus chapters 4 to 14, the author repeatedly describes Pharaoh’s heart as “hard.” Our English Bibles usually render this as “hard” or “harden,” but in the Hebrew text, several different words are used: ḥāzaq – “to be or grow firm, strong, strengthen” qāšâ – “to be hard, severe, fierce” kābēd/kābād – “to be heavy, weighty, or burdensome” Hard Heart: Stubborn and Strong-Willed Interestingly, the phrase “hard heart” is not always negative. In some contexts, it can carry a positive sense of determination or ...
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